Synthetic approaches towards the synthesis of beta-blockers (betaxolol, metoprolol, sotalol, and timolol)

Authors: FURQAN AHMAD SADDIQUE, AMEER FAWAD ZAHOOR, MUHAMMMAD YOUSAF, MUHAMMMAD IRFAN, MATLOOB AHMAD, ASIM MANSHA, ZULFIQAR ALI KHAN, SYED ALI RAZA NAQVI

Abstract: Numerous efficient synthetic methodologies have been elaborated for the synthesis of $\beta $-blockers since the introduction of propranolol (a beta-blocker) in 1968. In this review, focus is placed on the more concise asymmetric and bioenzymatic synthetic approaches attempted towards the synthesis of beta-blockers (betaxolol, metoprolol, sotalol, and timolol).

Keywords: Beta-blockers, cardiovascular activity, antiglaucoma agent, biotransformations

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