Antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of boron-containing dental composite

Authors: SELAMİ DEMİRCİ, MUSTAFA SARP KAYA, AYŞEGÜL DOĞAN, ŞABAN KALAY, NERGİS ÖZLEM ALTIN, AYŞEN YARAT, SERAP HATİCE AKYÜZ, FİKRETTİN ŞAHİN

Abstract: Secondary dental caries are one of the major reasons for restoration replacements. Incorporating antimicrobial properties into dental materials would limit the initiation and progression of dental caries. In the current study, dental composites having 1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) sodium pentaborate pentahydrate were prepared and analyzed for their mechanical properties, degree of monomer conversion (DC) rate, antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans, and biocompatibility with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Incorporation of boron into the composites significantly decreased flexural strength and DC in a dose-dependent manner, but the value for 1% boron-containing composite still remained within acceptable levels. Compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were not found to be different from those of controls. Although no inhibition zone was detected in an agar-well diffusion assay for any materials tested, significant bacterial growth inhibition was obtained in a direct contact test for boron-containing composites. Immunocytochemical and lineage-specific gene expression analysis revealed that composites with boron content increased the osteogenic and odontogenic capacity of hDPSCs. Boron-containing dental composites showed promising results for future clinical applications, displaying nontoxic, osteogenic, and odontogenic-inducing characteristics with remarkable antibacterial activity against S. mutans, and are hence potentially able to prevent secondary caries.

Keywords: Antibacterial, boron, dental composites, biocompatibility, dental caries

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